Complex adaptive systems and game theory: An unlikely union

A Complex Adaptive System is a collection of autonomous, heterogeneous agents, whose behavior is defined with a limited number of rules. A Game Theory is a mathematical construct that assumes a small number of rational players who have a limited number of actions or strategies available to them. The CAS method has the potential to alleviate some of the shortcomings of GT. On the other hand, CAS researchers are always looking for a realistic way to define interactions among agents. GT offers an attractive option for defining the rules of such interactions in a way that is both potentially consistent with observed real‐world behavior and subject to mathematical interpretation. This article reports on the results of an effort to build a CAS system that utilizes GT for determining the actions of individual agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 16,24–42, 2010     

关于拓扑对策中的I~2(K)I(K)问题

证明了如果空间类κ为D-空间类或闭遗传不可约空间类,则I(κ)(∈)κ.这一结果对于κ为D空间类和闭遗传不可约空间类,肯定地回答了I(κ)是否包含I2(κ)问题.     

Cooperation between scientists and the government in the US: benefits and problems

This paper discusses the importance of maintaining close working relations between scientists and their government. Several examples of this cooperation in the U.S. are presented to illustrate the benefits, as well as problems, that result from such cooperation, or lack thereof. These examples include government support of scientific research, as well as contributions by science to help governments understand both the possibilities and the limitations of science as they formulate national policy.     

Initial guess by improved population-based intelligent algorithms for large inter-frame deformation measurement using digital image correlation

Digital image correlation (DIC) has received a widespread research and application in experimental mechanics. In DIC, the performance of subpixel registration algorithm (e.g., Newton-Raphson method, quasi-Newton method) relies heavily on the initial guess of deformation. In the case of small inter-frame deformation, the initial guess could be found by simple search scheme, the coarse-fine search for instance. While for large inter-frame deformation, it is difficult for simple search scheme to robustly estimate displacement parameters and deformation parameters simultaneously with low computational cost. In this paper, we proposed three improving strategies, i.e. Q-stage evolutionary strategy (T), parameter control strategy (C) and space expanding strategy (E), and then combined them into three population-based intelligent algorithms (PIAs), i.e. genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), and finally derived eighteen different algorithms to calculate the initial guess for qN. The eighteen algorithms were compared in three sets of experiments including large rigid body translation, finite uniaxial strain and large rigid body rotation, and the results showed the effectiveness of proposed improving strategies. Among all compared algorithms, DE-TCE is the best which is robust, convenient and efficient for large inter-frame deformation measurement.     

Feature-driven Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement for vortex-dominated flows

We develop locally normalized feature-detection methods to guide the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) process for Cartesian grid systems to improve the resolution of vortical features in aerodynamic wakes. The methods include: the Q-criterion [1], the λ₂ method [2], the λ_ci method [3], and the λ₊ method [4]. Specific attention is given to automate the feature identification process by applying a local normalization based upon the shear-strain rate so that they can be applied to a wide range of flow-fields without the need for user intervention. To validate the methods, we assess tagging efficiency and accuracy using a series of static vortex-dominated flow-fields, and use the methods to drive the AMR process for several theoretical and practical simulations. We demonstrate that the adaptive solutions provide comparable accuracy to solutions obtained on uniformly refined meshes at a fraction of the computational cost. Overall, the normalized feature detection methods are shown to be effective in driving the AMR process in an automated and efficient manner.     

On the poisson output of queueing systems with dependent service times

In this paper a method is stated to conclude that the output of given queueing system is POISSON from the steady-state probabilities and from the behavior of the queueing system at jump epochs, i.e. at epochs when the system state can be changed. The corresponding statement for queueing systems described by Markov processes with denumber-able state space will be generalized to systems which can have arbitrary service time distributions if the steady-state probabilities are insensitive with respect to these distributions.     

Optimisation of a key cross-coupling reaction towards the synthesis of a promising antileishmanial compound

During the course of a research program aimed at identifying novel antileishmanial compounds, a multi-gram synthesis of N-(trans-4-((4-methoxy-3-((R)-3-methylmorpholino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonamide ((R)-1) was required. This letter describes optimisation of the reaction conditions and protecting group strategy for a key Buchwald-Hartwig coupling, delivering the required quantities of (R)-1, as well as further compounds in the series.     

Numerical Methods for the Maxnear Criterion of Multiple-Sets Canonical Analysis

This paper deals with numerical methods for the Maxnear criterion of multiple-sets canonical analysis. Optimality conditions are derived. Upper and lower bounds of the optimal objective function value are presented. Two iterative methods are proposed. One is an alternating variable method, and the other called Gauss-Seidel method is an inexact version of the alternating variable method. Convergence of these methods are analyzed. A starting point strategy is suggested for both methods. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of these methods and the starting point strategy.     

基于稳定性分析的应急物资储备策略研究

应急物资实物代储方式是有效降低应急物流成本和实现应急物资快速筹集的重要举措。针对政府直接储备应急物资所带来的采购和管理成本过高、巨额资金占用、物资性能降低以及因管理不善造成的应急物资浪费等问题,本文本着互利合作的原则,借助种群共生理论构建政府与应急物资代储企业之间的合作共生关系,并通过构建数学模型分析了政府与实物代储企业满足共生平衡点的稳定性条件,以解决政府在限制支付条件下如何选择应急物资代储企业的问题,为政府制定应急物资储备策略提供决策依据。